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The aim of this study is to define the nature and direction of differences between Egyptian males and females concerning the achievement criterion as a motive, performance and personality trait. In addition, some other relevant cognitive and temperamental characteristics were studied. The sample was 132 college students, who undertook a battery of twelve psychological tests. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the performance of males and females on achievement scales, with the exception of academic performance. In addition it was found that males had a high need for cognition and self-assertion, whereas females had a high need for certainty orientation, social desirability, fluency, flexibility, moral sensitivity and intelligence. The study asserts the importance and necessity of developing the achievement potential of females, both for the further development of individual potential and in the context potential and in the context of national development.