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Volume :10 Issue : 25 1995
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New Moons and Appointed Times:
Auther : Dr. Muhammad ‘Abdul-Ghaffar ‘Al-Shareef
New Moons and Appointed Times:
To What Extent They Affect Personal Legal Obligations in
The Area of ‘lbadaat (Acts of devotions)
Dr. Muhammad ‘Abdul-Ghaffar ‘Al-Shareef
This paper dealt with this subject according the following order:
- Defining the basic terms, New moons and Appointed Times, for the sake of sound judgment.
- Defining the exact meaning of ltizaam (Commitment), indicating that its meaning here is confined to obligating one’s self with what is not obligatory; then, we clarified the synonyms of lltizam: ‘ahd (pledge), wa’d (promise, ‘aqd (agreement)….etc.
- Distinguishing between ‘lbadaat and Mu’amalaat (transactions) and the applications related to each of them in the Islamic jurisprudence, quoting some valuable texts from Al-‘lzz ibn ‘Abdel –Salam.
- Clarifying the total of the articles of legal personnel obligations in ‘lbadaat, and classifying them into three categories: physical , financial, and those that combine both aspects; then, physical ‘lbadaat was classified into: spiritual, intellectual, and bodily.
- The two terms: ‘Ada’ (timely execution) and Qadaa (late execution) were defined, as, well as the causality of time for legal judgments and efforts of Muslims in studying Astronomy. Examples were given for the sake of clarification.
The paper revealed the importance of studying new moons and demarcating times (of religious obligations); it also indicated that it is necessary to work for preparing accurate time tables so as to enable Muslims render their religious duties in the appointed times away from the confusion frequently caused by scholars’ disagreement in opinion about the start of lunar months or the time of some religious duties.