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INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering is an international journal which publishes papers in all fields of natural, life and applied sciences and engineering. The Journal publishes papers reporting original contributions to scientific knowledge. While submitting the manuscript, the Author (s) should clearly indicate his/her field of specialization. Research articles in a Language other than English are NOT entertained.

Communications

1. Manuscripts and correspondence should be addressed to Editor-in-Chief at the following address: Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, Academic Publication Council, P.O.Box 17225, Khaldiyah 72453, KUWAIT.
2. Authors are encouraged to supply E-mail addresses, and fax and telephone numbers upon submission of manuscripts. These are likely to speed communications.
3. Late changes of address must appear as a numbered footnote.
4. MS without floppy will not acceptable. Also MS can be sent by Email; attachment in word file.

General

1. An original and two copies of text, tables, figures and captions should be submitted on good quality A4 paper for review. Papers must be in English; either American or English spelling in accepted. An abstract in Arabic is required.
2. Papers accepted of publication will be limited to a maximum printed length of 24 pages. Page charges will apply for papers exceeding 15 pages.
3. Concise well thought out and prepared papers adhering to the style of the Journal are likely to be published sooner than those in need of extensive editing and revision. The Journal will enforce its style on papers accepted for publication. It is the responsibility of authors to ensure adherence to guidelines outlined in these ' Instructions to Authors '.
4. Full instructions to authors are appended below. REFER TO THESE AND A RECENT ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL FOR DETAILED GUIDELINES.

Preparation of Manuscript

1. The main text should be paginated, starting with the Title/ Abstract page and ending with the References page(s). Sheets of captions to Figures and Tables should establish another paginated list. Page numbers should appear at middle top of pages.
2. Manuscripts must be typewritten with double spacing and wide margins (25mm) at all sides. A font size of 12 points is required.
3. Words to be printed in italics should appear as italics or be underlined in the manuscript.

Revision of Manuscripts

1. Manuscripts must be returned to the Editor-in-Chief within 3 months of the author's receipt of referees' reports.

Title/ Abstract / Keywords

1. The title page should contain the title of the paper, the names(s) of the author(s), their institutional address(es) and an abstract. Up to 5 keywords should be given below the abstract in alphabetical order and separated by semicolons.
2. Title should be short, specific and informative. Avoid long titles; a running title of no more than 75 characters is encouraged.
3. The abstract, not exceeding 300 words should be independent of the text. It must not contain bibliographical references or references to figures. Avoid abbreviations in abstracts.
4. Please provide three copies of the manuscript and further copy on a diskette Refer to the section on electronic text for details.

Text Headings

The main text should follow the abstract and conform with the current style of the Journal. The following hierarchy for headings should be used :

• AREA (bold capitals, centered)
• Sector (bold, capital first letter, centered)
• Zone (italics, capital first letter, un-indented)
• Block (italics, capital first letter, indented)

No numbers or Roman numerals should be used in these headings.

Figures

1. All illustrations are called Figures and should be referred to as 'Figure' at the start of the sentence or as 'Fig'. Otherwise. Figure parts are referenced as Fig. 1(a) or (Fig.1a).
2. Figures should be numbered serially and should appear in text in order.
3. Figure captions should appear on a separate sheet.
4. All composite figures should be mounted together and the parts labeled (a), (b), (c), etc. Page size montages of photographs count as single figure. Avoid mixed montages of photographs and line drawings.
5. Original diagrams should be prepared at approximately twice the final printed size, using black drawing ink on a good quality tracing medium, or high quality laser printing.
6. The maximum printed size is 170 x 250 mm. Letters and numerals should not be less than 1mm after reduction. Regular Times or Helvetica typeface with a final (printed) size of 6pt to 8pt type, and equivalent line weights, are preferred. (If drawn for intended 505 reduction uses 12pt to 16 pt fonts). A small range of print size (less than two fold) is recommended.
7. Use distinct tones when shading. However, avoid shading as much as possible, unless it is absolutely necessary.
8. Although original figures are required good glossy photographs of originals at 1.5times the intended printed size are acceptable. Figure number and author's names should be faintly penciled on back of all figures and originals.
9. In the final version of the manuscript indicate in pencil in the left hand margin the desired location of Figures and Tables.

Photographs

1. Photographs occupy separate coated pages , normally restricted to two per page. Photographic figures will be printed in sequence, and they should be numbered.
2. Photographs (i.e. half tones) should be sharp black and white glossy printed at 1 to 1.5 times the intended printed size and mounted in the desired layout. Both portrait and landscape styles are accepted.
3. Field photographs must contain a scale.

Maps

1. Maps and field sketches must include a metric bar scale. Regional maps must include a north arrow and at least 2 latitude and 2 longitude numbers on each of its respective sides; National Grid numbers may also be used. Map keys should be given on map or figure, not as numbered boxes.

Color Illustrations

1. Color figures, maps and photographs may be accepted at the author's expense.

Tables

1. Reference to tables in text should appear as Table 2 or (Table 2).
2. Each table should have a brief descriptive title set above the body of the table.
3. Submit tables on separate sheets. Assign to tables serial numbers which correspond to the sequence of their appearance in the text.

References

1. 'Personal communications' should be authorized in writing. Unpublished data should be cited as (unpublished data).
2. Authors are responsible for accuracy of references.
3. References must be on sheets separate from the text.
4. An alphabetical list of all literature cited in the text should follow the text, headed by REFERENCES, and double spaces. Names of periodicals should be given in full.

Example references

Journal:
Al-Awadi, N.A. 1990. Gas Phase pyrolytic reaction. Journal of Chemical Society 2: 2179-2189.

Book: Jenny, H. 1980. The soil Resources.
Springer- Verlag, Berlin.

Book Chapter:
Verklig, A.J. & Schat, H. 1990. Mechanisms of metal tolerance in plants. In: Shaw, A.J. (Ed.). Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants. Pp . 179-193. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Conference or Symposium:
Waked, A. 1980. Energy conversion measures in Kuwaiti buildings. Proceedings of the First Regional Symposium in Thermal Insulation in the Gulf States. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait.

Dissertation:
Al- Sulaimi, J.S. 1981. Aspects of Geology of the northern part of Oman Mountains, United Arab Emirates. Ph.D. thesis University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K.

Citations

1. Citations in the text should be in the form (Salama et al. 1991, Misfir 1988), or "according to Misfir (1988) and Kepper & Astry (1993) ", Papers "in preparation" or "submitted "or "under review" are NOT VALID references. Work in preparation, unpublished abstracts, and personal communications or oral communications may be cited in text, but NOT in the reference list.

Acknowledgements

1. Acknowledgments should follow the main text and be headed ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
2. Personal acknowledgements should precede those of institutions or agencies.

Appendices

1. Appendices are encouraged for specific details on methodology, mathematics, or voluminous data.
2. Computer program listing, if included, must be camera ready.

Units, Abbreviations, Acronyms

1. Units should be metric, generally SI, and expressed in standard abbreviated form.
2. Acronyms may be acceptable, but must be defined at first usage.

Mathematics

1. Authors must provide instructions on how symbols and equations should be set.
2. Equations should be numbered sequentially in the right-hand side and in parenthesis. They should be referred to in the text as 'Equation 4' or Eq. 4.

Page Proofs

1. One set of proofs will be sent to the corresponding author to be checked for typesetting and editing. Corrections or changes must not be made which constitute departure from the article in its accepted form. Proofs should be returned within 2 weeks from the date of receipt.
2. Check proofs thoroughly and return them immediately to the publisher.

Reprints

1. Fifty copies of each published paper will be supplied free of charge to the principle or corresponding author. Additional copies may be requested for cost using the order form provided with the proofs.
2. All manuscripts become property of the Journal and are not returned to authors, even if a manuscript is rejected. Original manuscripts and illustrations are discarded two months after publication, unless a prior arrangement is made with the Editor-in-Chief.

Electronic Text

1. Final version may be submitted on disk, along with hard copies of manuscripts.
2. Text from most word processing systems is acceptable. The Journal, however, encourages the use of Microsoft Word and WordPerfect in the MS-DOS or WINDOWS format.
3. Authors must submit 3.5inch floppy disks. Label disk with authors' names, operating system and name of word processor. Include in label a shortened version of the paper title and file name. Keep the entire manuscript in one file. Distinguish 0 from o and 1 from 1.
4. Illustrations and tables are accepted in any of the common formats used by popular drawing programs for the PC and MAC environments. Use a separate disk for the illustrations and label as in 3 immediately above.
5. Authors are requested to ensure that the content of the diskettes corresponds exactly with the hard copy manuscript.