-  Published by Scientific Publication Journal – Kuwait University.

-  Acting Editor Chief Dr. Fatima Hussain AL-Abdulrazzaq

 -  It’s newly published the Journal No. (135) for the month of October 2009. It includes eight academic researches about different issues.

-First research:  Features of Demographic Change of Immigration to the  Kingdom of Bahrain Between the Censuses 1981-2001.

Prof. Bassim Abdul A. AL Othman

     Immigration is one of the tributaries of the demographic stock of the states of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council in general and the Kingdom of Bahrain in particular.  This can be seen throughout the development  processes because of the increaseing demand of the work force in comparison to what is displayed in the local labour market, which is mostly not equal to the required experiences. Therefore, the present study aims at rcognizing the features of the demographic change of the immigration to the Kingdom of Bahrain between the censuses of 1981 and 2001 by analyzing and evaluating the demographic situation of the immigrants and the observation of their size, growth, and qualitative and age composition, and the assessment of the magnitude of their labour force and their properties.  The implementation of that study is based on the sources of the statistic data, represented by the results of the demographic censuses of the years 1981, 1991 and 2001 in addition to the data, of the previous censuses, making it possible to pursue the change in the size of the immigrants and their properties .

     The research showed differences in the growth average of non - Bahrainis and the Bahrainis, between the censuses of 1941 and 2001 due to a number of internal and regional events and changes, the fact which has been reflected in the difference of the average of the total annual growth.  In addition, the study has revealed the increase of the relative weigt of the immigrating work force as compared to the size of the whole work force.  The Asian immigrants have predominated in the whole immigrating work force, which makes the proportion (77.2%, 83.4% and 83.9%) during the census years 1981, 1991 and 2001 respectively as compared to the decrease of the proportion of Arab immigrants to (17.7%, 12.2% and 11%) during the same years.  In addition, the study has showed a state of imbalance in the qualitative and age composition of the immigrant population because of the qualitative - age election. Moreover, the Arab and Asian immigrants occupy the first position regarding the longest period of residence, (more than l0 years). Work and accompanying the family are the main reason for the residency, of the Asians, who occupy (91.2% and 66.1%) out of the whole nationalities respectively; while the proportion of the Arab nationalities is (5.7% and  26%) out of the whole nationalities respectively.

Dr. Aisha S. Al-Ahmadi

     This study aims at measuring the awareness of female teachers and the attitudes towards popular education in Almadinah Almunawarra.  The study also examines the impact of some demographic variables (educational level, academic qualification, major, years of teaching experience, social status, having children, number of children and their sex, husbands educational level) on the awareness and attitudes towards popular education. Moreover, the sutyd looks at the relationship between the level of awareness and attitude towards popular education.  Finally, a set of recommendations are presented.

     In order to achieve the aims of the study, a search scales is used. Measuring the attitudes towards popular education issues through 34 statements classified into four areas: The reasons behind population problems, the effects of population problems on the welfare of the individual, the family, and the society, family birth control plans and popular education programs.

     Based on the data analysis, the study yields the following findings:

1- The attitudes of public education teachers towards popular education issues are positive (agree).

 -2No statistically significant differences are found among the public education teachers in Al Madinah Al Munawarra in their attitudes towards popular education issues in relation to€: educational level, academic qualifications, years of teaching experience, major, social status and the sex of their children.

 -3There are statistically significant differences between the means of teachers responses on the attitude scale relative to the number of children.

     In the light of these findings, several recommendations are presented. Furthermore, it is suggested that popular education is introduced to the programs of teachers education in Saudi Arabia.

-Third research:  Hydrochemical Study of the Groundwater in Umm Al-Aish  Field - Kuwait .

Dr. Khalid M. Al-Barak

Prof. Fawzia M. Al-Ruwaih

     The chemical data have been analysed to study the hydrochemical characteristics and the geochemical processes affecting the groundwater chemistry of Umm Al-Aish field.

     The hydrochemical study reveales that the total dissolved solids range from 670-6,100 p.p.m in 2004. The groundwater is supersaturated with respect to dolomite and calcite, and is undersaturated with respect to gypsum, anhydrite and halite.

-Forth research:  Determinants of Interest Rates in Kuwait .

Dr. Husain A. AL-Omar

     This paper is an attempt to study the importance of domestic factors in the behavior of domestic interest rate on both KD and US Dollar deposits in Kuwait is an example of a developing small open economy.  To achieve this goal the study employed VAR technique, using monthly data for the period from 1993 to 2006, and five domestic variables including interest rate on both KD and US Dollar deposits, the discount rate, local banks funds at the Central Bank, and the Kuwaiti Dinar exchange rate against the US Dollar.

     The results indicate that domestic factors are responsible for 49% to 65% of the variation in interest rate on both US Dollarand KD deposits respectively, and that discount rate comes first followed by local bank funds then exchange rate.  The results indicate that the discount rate has a positive impact on domestic interest rate while local bank funds and exchange rate both have a negative impact.  These results indicate a scope for domestic monetary policy to affect domestic variables despite the high degree of openness of the Kuwaiti economy.

-Fifth research:  Democratic Change in the Sultanate  of Oman : Status quo, Challenges and Future Horizons .

Dr. Mohammad T. Bani Salamah

     This study aims at studying the process of democratic transition in Oman by introducing and analyzing the basic concepts and their historical development, especially after the initiation of the third wave of democratization in the world. The concept of democracy, models, and the requirements for a political system were discussed as well.

     The study addresses the stages on democratic transition in Oman, which in reality is the outcome the desire of the decision maker to adopt the democratic option as a way of rule, more than a tactic to confront some economic troubles, especially with the decline of oil and gas production.

     Then, the study elaborates democratic reforms and the features of Oman democracy with emphasis on the role of political institutions, such as political parties, and the democratic culture in speeding up the process of democratization. Then, the study analyzes the political, economic, and social obstacles that hinder the process.

     Finally, the study attempts to predict the future of  Omans democracy in the light of domestic, regional and international pressures.  The study concludes that Omans democratic experiment is a pioneering one, capable of more progress and development.

-Sexth research:  Traffic Jam and How Easy it is to Get Your Destination in Kuwait City .

Dr. Naef B. Al-Dossari

     The research aims in the first place to:

-1Determine the traffic jam problems on the main roads;

-2Show the traffic jam differences in different places;

-3Discover the causes of this problem;

-4Put the priority for planning and suggesting solutions.

     The study depends on the equal arrival time map on the main roads net from its far part to the places inside Kuwait City and its center.  The study shows the most terrible traffic joints.  There are six main roads have several joints on the Airport Road. The joints are distributed on these roads as follows:

-1The Sixth Motorway holds 1/3 of the total number of the joints on the Airport Road.

-2El-Estiklal Road holds five joints.

-3Issa bin Hamad holds 1/4 of the total number of the joints.

-4Morroco Road holds 1\6 of the total number of the joints.

-5King Fahad Road, Gamal Abdulnasser, Solaibikhat, Sahel Al-Khaleej Area, El-Tawin and Jahra Roads hold 5.3% of the total number of the joints.

     The research concludes with some regarded points, such as:

-1limiting the private vehicle movement;

-2encouraging public transports through controlling the movement of the busy roads during rush hours;

-3limiting the movement in some points;

-4guiding the institutions towards more studies to facilitate arrival maps using Isochrones to the day and night hours or rush and quiet hours by using the available vehicle;

-5using some systems to facilitate arrival maps according to its distance from the important main economic centers like seaports, the airport and industrial centers;

-6making regular observations to discover the reasons of the traffic jam on the main roads.

-Seventh research:  Awareness of Administrators and Staff to the Importance of National and International Legislatures Concerning Industrial Safety: A Pilot Study in to Saudi Industrial Firms .

Dr. Hani Abdul R. Al-Amri

     Industrial Safety is a national necessity to support production and development of Saudi economy.  It seeks to protect the rucimentary elements of production and safeguard national resources, including the human ware resource as well as the hardware.  Hewnce arises the importance of industrial safety as a necessity to be supported by standards, treaties and legislatures nationally and intemationally to protect the insutrial infrastructure.  The KSA extended the construction of industrial firms to limits beyond personal safety of labourers and the environment, especially in the area of chemical and petrochemical industries.  The KSA has become internationally competitive in this respect by having joined the World Trade Organization. This Ied to the KSA seeking to obtain quality assurance certificates such as ISO 14000 - certifications that partially seek to conserve the environment and workers against work perils in consistence with international industrial safety legislatures.  This also Ied to the necessity of raising the awarencess of industrial firms administrators and staff to be attentive to conditions and procedures of industrial safety as well as keeping updated ot local, national and international legislatures concerning personal safety and industrial firm safety.

-Eigth research in English :  Agriculture and Pastoralism in the Hajar Mountains of the Emirates:  A Historical Ethnography .

Dr. Abdullah A. Yateem

     This study, based on ethnographic fieldwork among the Hajari Bedouins of the mountain zone of the United Arab Emirates, aims to highlight the significance of agriculture and pastoralism in the political economy of the Hajari communities.  It, therefore, provides a detailed ethnographic picture of the extent of local knowledge involved in economic activities such as agriculture and pastorals, and its assumed effect on the political and economic life of Hajari society and their culture.

     In the first part of this paper, the author presents a critique of the economic and political studies of the Arabian Gulf societies. These societies overvalued economic commodities, such as pearls, and later oil at the expense of other locally produced commodities in either pastoral or agricultural communities. The study then puts forward extensively the Hajar case by illustrating the importance of local knowledge in tobacco growing, date cultivation, goat herding and husbandry in the economic, political and social lives of those societies.